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蓝印花布

来源:鲜淘网 2024-11-11 09:16:11      鲜淘网 手机版

蓝印花布


　　
　　介绍：

蓝印花布是传统的镂空版白浆防染印花，又称靛蓝花布，俗称“药斑布”、“浇花布”，距今已有一千三百年历史。最初以蓝草为染料印染而成。蓝印花布用石灰、豆粉合成灰浆烤蓝，采用全棉、全手工纺织、刻版、刮浆等多道印染工艺制成。

1 历史 　

蓝印花布源于秦汉、盛于商业发达的宋朝，而广泛普及于资本主义萌芽的明清之际，现代所见蓝印花布的样式，多数为明清一代

的作品。这些以蓝印花布制成的蚊帐、被面、包袱、头巾、门帘等生活用品，朴素大方、色调清新明快，图案淳朴典丽，曾深受欢迎。因此，染坊业一度成为地方上的显业。史载宋元之际桐乡蓝印花布极为繁荣，形成了：织机遍地，染坊连街、河上布船如织的壮观景象，其中，石门（古称玉溪）的“丰同裕”、“泰森”等染坊店一时成为行业中的翘楚。所制“瑞鹤鸣祥”、“岁寒三友”“梅开五富”、“榴开百子”等久负盛名。

蓝印花布是一种历史悠久的传统手工印染制品。传说有一个姓梅的小伙子不小心摔了一跤，摔在了泥地里，衣服变成了黄颜色，怎么洗也洗不掉，但人们看到后却很喜欢，然后他就把这件事告诉他一个姓葛的好朋友。

后来他俩就专门从事把布染成黄色，又有一个很偶然的机会，他们把布晾在树枝上晒干时不小心被风吹到了地上，地上正好有一堆蓼蓝草，也就是现在所说的板蓝根草，它里面有一种成分叫靛蓝，可以把布染成蓝色，等他们发现这块布的时候，黄布已变成了一块花布，“青一块、蓝一块”他们想这奥秘肯定在这个草上，此后，两人又经过多次研究，终于把布染成了蓝布，梅葛两位先生也就成为了蓝印花布的祖师爷。

2 工艺 　

蓝印花布是传统的镂空版白浆防染印花，又称靛蓝花布，俗称“药斑布”、“浇花布”，距今已有一千三百年历史。最初以蓝草为染料印染而成。蓝印花布用石灰、豆粉合成灰浆烤蓝，采用全棉、全手工纺织、刻版、刮浆等多道印染工艺制成。

简单、原始的蓝白两色，创造出一个淳朴自然、千变万化、绚丽多姿的蓝白艺术世界。蓝印花布的纹样图案都来自于民间，反映了百姓的喜闻乐见，寄托着她们对美满生活的向往和朴素的审美情趣，在题材和内容上，老百姓那种健康和质朴的心灵，在民间蓝印花布上得到了形式和内容的完美统一，因而蓝印花布确实真实地反映了一种深厚的文化和艺术积淀。

蓝印花布的图案取材于百姓喜闻乐见的民间故事戏剧人物，但更多的是由动植物和花鸟组合成的吉祥纹样，采用暗喻、谐音，类比等手法尽情抒发了民间百姓憧憬美好未来的理想和信念，因此在民间的传统习俗上，蓝印花布占有相当位置。以前，女儿出嫁时一定要带上母亲早已准备好的一条用靛蓝布做成的饭单，这样的习俗是显示女儿嫁到男家后“上得厅堂，下得厨房”的治理家政能力。姑娘出嫁时的衣被箱里必定会有一、二条蓝印花布被面，大都是龙凤呈祥，凤戏牡丹图案的“龙凤被”，称之为“压箱布”。可见在当时蓝印花布是老百姓生活中必不可少的。

3 操作 　

江苏南通地处美丽富饶的长江三角洲冲积平原，东临黄海，南倚长江，气候温宜，山清水秀，物阜民丰，素有“崇川福地”之称。南通历来是人文荟萃之地，吴越文化，荆楚文化，齐鲁文化在此融汇，形成了江海平原独具特色的地域文化风情。在千余年的历史中，南通人民创造并发展了丰富多彩、名噪四方的民间工艺。诸如扎染、彩锦绣、哨口风筝（板鹞）、木版印画、工艺葫芦等。

南通蓝印花布便是其中最具代表性的民间工艺品之一。由吴元新创办的南通蓝印花布博物馆已被列为中国蓝印花布传承基地,由他负责申报的"南通蓝印花布印染技艺"已列入首批国家级非物质文化遗产名录.南通也被命名为----蓝印花布之乡,这些荣誉称号与吴元新30多年来默默的在蓝印花布领域不断研究,坚持将传统传承了下来是分不开的.

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